A modem or any return device for that matter such as a settop box will have an output based on these factors.
1. Drop and inhouse losses ( inside wiring, spiliiets ect. )
2. tap loss an 11 tap has 11 dB loss on the forward and 11 db loss at the return frequencies.
3. cable and insertion loss at the 5- 40 MHz freq. range
4. the minimum input to the 1st active.
The device will range at boot-up to arive at the service demod within the target level input range, The service demod will then tell the CPE device to adjust it's output level to eep it t the target level.
As an example if the modem has an output of let's say 45 dBmv and a customer adds a 4way splitt the modems input at the demod will drop say 7 dB the demod will send a command to the devide adjusting it's output to bring it back into range. You can try this by placing a 10 dB attenuator on a devide and within a few minutes the output level will increase. Hope this helps