An equalizer compensates for cable loss at the highest frequencies as many have stated here, since the highest frequencies attenuate 4X that of channel 2 you need to be able to compensate for the tilt at the input to an amplifier to achieve a flat input at the first gain stage. here is an example
if you have a 24 EQ this will compensate for 24 dB cable loss at say 870 MHz if you are loosing 24 dB @ 870 then the loss at Channel 2 will be ~ 6 dB in the same span of coax
You will loose an additional 1 DB at 870) (The effect of the EQ) givien you a total loss at 870 of 25 dB the 24 Value EQ will attenuate Ch2 by an additional 19 dB giving you a total loss of 25 at ch2. thus a flat input to the amplifier.
Re: what does a eq do
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